Wednesday 12 March 2014

Secularists Are Winning - Will We Be Better

We tend not to treat minority groups well.  In Jamaica, although Christians have always controlled nearly all institutions - political, educational, social - the minority Rastafarian population was made to suffer repeated humiliations and violations of their constitutional rights just so the majority could exercise their sense of superiority.  Rastas were expelled from schools, men were forcibly trimmed or shaved and discrimination in employment and accessing services was routine.
 In the US, although the majority white population were undeniably in charge, ritual humiliation of black people was required - “we only serve you people round the back of the store” - again and again in order to reinforce ideas that, for most, were perfectly compatible with their expressed Christianity.  Now, in places like Uganda, that human need to grind the boot in is being inflicted on a tiny minority of LGBT persons who could not, in any way, threaten the status or situation of the roughly 85% Christian majority.


Perhaps this is what accounts for the panic that is evident in the sudden, urgent calls for (further) freedom of religion protections in places like Belize, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, and the US…  



Here is Shirley Richards of the Lawyer’s Christian Fellowship in Jamaica -


Thankfully, locally, both political parties have accepted the inclusion in the proposed Charter of Rights of robust religious freedom clauses. They have also accepted the submission to preserve existing laws relating to sexual offences, obscene publications and the life of the unborn. There is still a major concern, however, as the charter is undergirded by what prevails "in a free and democratic society". (…) While no malice is suspected, but because of what prevails in so-called 'free and democratic societies', where desires have become 'rights' it behooves us to be extremely careful in the wording of this document. If we are serious about retaining these existing laws, as we say we are, then it will be imperative for this clause to be rephrased.



Or consider this from a conservative and religious blogger in the US (Rod Dreher of The American Conservative) on what might be coming for those like him:


This is no small thing. There is scant appreciation for the importance of religious liberty among gay rights activists. If I were the principal of a religious high school, I would not fire gay faculty members because they were gay — but (…) the school should be protected from anti-discrimination law as a matter of religious liberty, because like it or not, homosexuality, within Christian moral teaching, has been seen for 2,000 years as morally wrong. That is fast-changing in the West, but millions of Christians still hold to the orthodox teaching. Are they all bigots who ought to be suppressed? Many gays and their supporters say yes. (http://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/andrew-sullivan-demonizing-dissent/).
And in a way, both have a point and express a fear that is not unfounded.  


Freedom of religion protections are essentially a fiction.  In liberal democracies, freedom of religion is actually only allowed to the extent that practice is not in conflict with the prevailing norms/rules of the secular state.  In Jamaica, Rastas are free to believe what they like, but the police can shut down any religious ceremony that involves ganja use.  Jews and Muslims are free to believe what they like in Denmark & Sweden, but ritual circumcision of their sons is outlawed.  In France, whatever your religious beliefs, leave your hijab, yarmulke or turban at home before heading off to school.  Now, it so happens that the prevailing norms/rules in Jamaica (and the rest of the Caribbean) reflect the traditional Christian position on same-sex relations and relationships.  But they will change, just as they have changed in most other countries in our hemisphere.  In the US, among young people 18-29, the vast majority of both Democrats (77%) and Republicans (61%) say they support legal marriage for same-sex couples (http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/03/10/61-of-young-republicans-favor-same-sex-marriage/).    In 1973, when the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago first asked people about sexual relations between two adults of the same sex, 73% described them as “always wrong” and another seven percent as “almost always wrong.”   In the space of roughly 50 years, American public opinion will have almost completely flipped - and certainly for those who implement the policy and legislative framework of the secular state.


So, fellow Secularists, consider this exchange between a same-sex couple and a photographer in New Mexico:


-We are researching potential photographers for our commitment ceremony on September 15, 2007 in Taos, NM. This is a same-gender ceremony. If you are open to helping us celebrate our day we'd like to receive pricing information.


Thanks



-Hello Vanessa,
As a company, we photograph traditional weddings, engagements, seniors, and several other things such as political photographs and singer's portfolios.


Elaine




-Hi Elaine,


Thanks for your response below of September 21, 2006. I'm a bit confused, however, by the wording of your response. Are you saying that your company does not offer your photography services to same-sex couples?


Thanks,
Vanessa



-Hello Vanessa,


Sorry if our last response was a confusing one. Yes, you are correct in saying we do not photograph same-sex weddings, but again, thanks for checking out our site! Have a great day.


Elaine


Vanessa found this answer unacceptable, hateful and bigoted.  And the polling suggests that, eventually, so will most Americans.  Who wants to take a bet that we secularists - who are winning in the fight to advance secular principles in government - will do no better than the Christians we rightly criticized for their treatment of minority groups?  Anyone?  


Alison Irvine-Sobers
Guest blogger
Air Me Now panel member

7 comments:

  1. Alison! Thanks for your very provocative guest blog post!

    In principle, I think there is a lot of substance in the claim that we tend not to treat minorities well. However, as it relates to this particular issue, the religious folks remain the majority vis a vis the LGBT community. Also, religion in countries like the US continues to enjoy certain privileges (tax, for example) that are not enjoyed by other groups, including minority groups. Religion continues to exercise considerable hegemony in countries like Jamaica, regardless of the wails of Shirley Richards that might suggest otherwise. I'm not yet persuaded that "secularism is winning" - certainly not countries like Jamaica...

    I don't agree with you that freedom of religion is a fiction. Freedom of religion, like other rights and freedoms is bounded by limitations (or ought to be) in a secular democracy. So when you say that the freedom is enjoyed only to the extent that it does not conflict with secular rules/values, that's essentially the same thing as saying that you can enjoy rights so long as they don't conflict with other rights, or trespass on specific secular values like public order. If limitations on rights reduce them to fictions, then rights like freedom of expression should also be deemed fictions!

    The exchange that you mentioned raises some interesting issues. I take the view that christians still cleave to the idea that their beliefs are not only exempt from scrutiny, but should be imposed unconditionally in secular spaces. This is what I see in the interaction between Vanessa and Elaine. Elaine is more than free to believe what she wants about same-sex folks, but that does not, in a secular context, extend to discriminating against them. If Elaine's position is correct, then what then do we say to the Muslim who refuses to allow women to enter his supermarket without hijabs or the Catholic pharmacist who refuses to dispense birth control to fornicators? :-)

    Mi sorry, but I'm willing to bet that secularists would do better than christians, simply by virtue of their predisposition to reason, rather than faith in shaping their decisions and behaviour. This is not to say that secularists are all unfailingly rational or well-behaved. It's the grounding in reason that makes all the difference in the world - so even if SOME secularists deviate from rationality, chances are there will be other secularists who will be pulling them back into line. Not quite so, I think, with faith-ists - as history surely suggests...

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  2. Thanks Alison for your thoughtful contribution. I am inclined to think you are right (as usual) because what secularists seek is not so much "freedom of religion" as "freedom from religion." Therefore anything grounded in religious belief will likely be unacceptable. But is that really so bad, after all? In reading your contribution as well as Hilaire's response, what came to my mind was a proverb (attributed to Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic and Chinese sources)...

    "He who knows not, and knows not that he knows not, is a fool - shun him.

    He who knows not, and knows that he knows not, is a child - teach him.

    He who knows, and knows not that he knows, is asleep - wake him.

    He who knows, and knows that he knows, is a wise man - follow him."

    We have to identify which line best describes our Jamaican positon... unfortunately it seems to be the first. One must agree, any of the other three is a more desirable situation... so I guess I am agreeing with Hilaire as well!

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  3. Hilaire and Sharon - thanks for responding to my post.

    Hilaire, I think freedom of religion is constrained by more than just conflict with other rights or issues of public order. There is no public order issue in polygamy - nor does the choice of adult women to share a husband conflict with the rights of others. But we don't allow it because the prevailing cultural norms disapprove of the arrangement. Similarly, the use of peyote or ganja in a religious ceremony - or obeah, say - is banned not because of public order/infringement on other's rights, but again because of disapproval of "those people's practices". At present, the US has turned its face against segregation, but previously - particularly in the South - even if a church wanted to integrate it would have run into the same issue of the general culture's notions of allowable behaviour.

    This post is really a sort of warning - human nature being what it is, even Secularists who believe themselves to be above visceral, tribal impulses that they attribute to religion, are probably going to do what others have done before them. Those outside of the previling norms of behaviour/thinking will be made to understand they are "the other" and will have done to them what we humans, unfortunately, typically do.

    Sharon, I too am a strong supporter of secular principles in government. I am just concerned that when we decide as a society that something or some group's ideas/practices are unacceptable, we tend not to handle it with grace or compassion. I hope Secularists will be "better people" than religious folk, but I am skeptical...

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    1. Ali, I would agree that there are some cultural norms that do impede the enjoyment or expansion of certain human rights. However, some of these cultural norms are themselves sometime driven wholly or partially by religion - as perhaps the insistence on monogamy as the only legitimate model of marriage. I'd also suggest that these fetters may also be a function of the infancy of secular democracy/human rights. As societies evolve (hopefully in a secular direction) the more likely these fetters will fall away.

      I still insist that secularists are less likely to be trapped by their visceral, tribal impulses than religionists. One reason is this - religionists seek not merely to have freedom to exercise their religion, but to enact the CONTENT of their particular "visceral/tribal" version of their religion. By nature, religion is based on a divine command theory of morality, whereas secular humanism is not. Secular humanism is far more inclined to be constrained by reality in a way that religionists aren't. It's the detachment from reality and reason that makes religionists dangerous in way that can readily be attributed even potentially to secularists.

      So don't get me wrong - not saying that secularists are immune from bad behaviour - just that they are less likely to legislatively and culturally entrench it.

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  4. Thanks for your post Alison, it's provocative.

    I think it may seem to many especially those who are currently oppressing others that secularists and lgbt people and all the other groups on the other side of the fence will one day treat them as they are treating others today. I think that thought is not far-fetched but maybe it may be an indication that they realise what they are doing? (Even if the don't see it as a reason to stop).

    I've been conflicted for a while about religious freedoms and how it should/would operate in a secular space/world. I've come to the decision that for the sake of a peaceful life, religious rights, freedoms and beliefs should only extend to the point where it meets someone else's space. So, in the scenario Hilaire posed, a Muslim man regardless of how he feels about women and what they should wear should be open to business to all women regardless of dress. He chose to enter the business world and in so doing must be prepared to interact with all sorts of persons. The same applies to Christians.

    Also some religious folks and persons seeking to create a win-win situation may suggest these persons have businesses that cater only to certain groups or create communities for these groups where they can live and observe their beliefs, I disagree; I apologise if this analogy comes across as offensive (it is what it is), however, communities such as these are like cancerous cells that if not removed spreads and destroys the body.

    I get your skepticism Alison.

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  5. Needless to say, Alison's point is well taken. Something happens whenever formerly oppressed communities become numerically and politically dominant - something that, if they're not careful, swings the pendulum all the way over into tyranny. In many ways this just seems to be a feature of human nature, so it's not just secularists who should take heed, but everyone.

    As it relates to secularists though, I tend to think we have a better track record of protecting the rights and human dignity of all persons - even those whose views are opposed to ours. That's because, as Hilaire pointed out above, secularists tend to rely more on a system of rationality which provides a framework of checks and balances for itself. No such framework exists in theistic religion, and it is doubtful whether any such framework can. Nor unless the deity can be challenged or held accountable for the actions of those who operate on his behalf.

    So, yes, we secularists do indeed need to be cautious not to repeat the mistakes of the religious who are hanging on by a thread to whatever relevance they have left. I'm confident we won't go down that road, especially if the Yardie Skeptics has anythhing to do with it :)


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  6. Angie, Clive

    I wish these were issues we actually had to deal with in places like Jamaica - unfortunately we don't have a good track record when it comes to compassion/fairness to others.

    The New Mexico photographer interests me because she does provide service for all except specifically a) nude ceremonies b) same-sex weddings and c) depictions of violence and I am torn as to whether she should be forced to do so or fined for not doing so.

    Here is our provision in the Constitution:

    the right to freedom from discrimination
    on the ground of
    (i) being male or female;
    (ii) race, place of origin, social class, colour, religion or political opinions;

    But as is usual in our "mimic man" way, we have no real mechanism to enforce this.

    And, of course, it is perfectly constitutional in Jamaica to discriminate against LGBT people, Creole speakers, disabled people....

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